PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY BIODIESEL FROM WASTE CHICKEN FATS
Keywords:
Biodiesel production, Chicken oil, Transesterification, Chicken Fats, BiofuelAbstract
Non-food biomass as an alternative renewable source for liquid biofuel is one of the promising solutions to help solve the worsening interrelated issues of energy consumption, climate change, and environmental pollution brought by the use of diminishing petroleum-based fuel. In this study, waste chicken fats are used as raw material in the production of biodiesel. The conversion underwent two major processes: oil extraction and transesterification processes. Experimental runs and analyses were done using central composite design of the response surface methodology with chosen operating variables. The result showed that the increase in reaction time and temperature significantly improved the oil yield with outcome ranging between 59.36–74.01% by weight. FTIR spectral analysis identified alkanes, alkenes, ketones, aldehydes, esters, aromatics, and ethers in the produced oil from chicken fats. In the transesterification process, the biodiesel yield ranges between 60–76% by volume with an average yield of 70.92%. Based on the numerical model produced, the increase of the reaction time had an adverse effect on the yield, but methanol affected otherwise. Alkanes, carbonyl, aromatics, ether, aliphatic iodo, and aryl disulfides composed the final product after refining. At optimized conditions, the biodiesel has a high heating value of 39.7 MJ/kg which is within the standard of 35–40 MJ/kg. This study has demonstrated that the waste chicken fats, which gave headaches to poultry dressing plants manager in terms of disposal, is a good biomass for liquid biofuel production, with the huge implication in the search for alternative energy source.
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