MODELING PARTNERSHIP OF COMMUNITY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT TO CURB THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG ADDICTION: AN AGENT-BASED MODEL
Keywords:
drug addiction, agent-based model, methamphetamine hydrochloride, law enforcement, community vigilanceAbstract
Drug addiction is a global problem that costs many millions of lives each year and causes innumerable suffering. To curb this global problem, the study was conducted to generate a model on the partnership of community and law enforcement to address the prevalence of drug addiction through the use of an agent-based model, particularly by modifying the AIDS model of Rand and Wilensky (2007). Based on the result, the community, law enforcement and their interaction have significant effects to curb the prevalence of drug addiction. However, the law enforcement showed the greatest effect among them. It implies that drug addiction can be best curbed through law enforcement. Therefore, government must consider this result to strengthen the law enforcement in terms of regular police patrol and investigative units that are constantly attacking the drug trafficking, use, and related violence.
References
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Weisburd, D. and Mazerolle, L.G. (2000). Crime and Disorder in Drug Hot Spots: Implications for Theory and Practice in Policing. Police Quarterly. Vol. 3, No. 3. Pp. 331-349. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/ 1098611100003003006
West, R. (2013). Models of Addiction. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
White, E., and Comiskey, C.M. (2007). Modelling Treatment Pathways and the Drug Using Career. Mathematical Biosciences, 208, 312-324.
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Aldridge, J. and Askew, R. (2016). Delivery Dilemmas: How Drug Cryptomarket Users Identify and Seek to Reduce Their Risk of Detection by Law Enforcement. International Journal of Drug Policy, Vol. 41, Pp. 101-109. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395916303140
Barnard, M. (2003). Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Role of Relatives in Protecting Children from the Effects of Parental Drug Problems. Child and Family Social Work, 8(4), 291-299.
Cleaver, K. and Katsiaficas, G. (2014). Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers and Their Legacy. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from https://books.google.com.ph/books?isbn=1135298327
Eck, J. (1994). Drug Markets and Drug Places: A Case Control Study of the Spatial Structure of Illicit Drug Dealing. University of Maryland.
Esplanada, J. (2012, March 27). UN Drug Report: Philippines has Highest Rate of Shabu Use in East Asia. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/168143/un-drug-report-philippines-has-highest-rate-of-shabu-use-in-east-asia
Feitelson, D. (2006). Experimental Computer Science: The Need for a Cultural Change. School of Computer Science and Engineering. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://www.cs.huji. ac.il/~feit/papers/exp05.pdf
Ferrence, R. (1996). Using Diffusion Theory in Health Promotion: The Case of Tobacco. Canadian Journal of Public Health 87 (Suppl. 2), Pp. S24-S27. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9002339
Ferrence, R. (2001). Diffusion Theory and Drug Use. Addiction 96 (1), Pp. 165-173. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11177527
Green, L. (1996). Policing Places with Drug Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Kornhauser, D., Rand, W., and Wilensky, U. (2007). Visualization Tools for Agent-Based Modeling in NetLogo. Agent 2007. Chicago, IL. Last retrieved on October 4, 2012 from https://ccl.northwestern.edu/2007/Kornhauser-Agent-2007.pdf.
Levesque, N. (2012). Fighting Narcoterrorism: A Counter Narcotic Approach to Homeland Security. Master in Management for Public Safety and Homeland Security Professionals Master’s Projects. Paper 8. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/homelandsecurity/8
Mazerolle, L., Kadleck, C. and Roehl, J. (2004). Differential Police Control at Drug Dealing Places. Security Journal Vol. 17, No. 1, Pp. 61-69. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340162
Nyabadza, F. and Coetzee, L. (2017). A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol. 2017, Article ID 4074197, 13 pages, 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/4074197
Quello, S. B., Brady, K. T., and Sonne, S. C. (2005). Mood Disorders and Substance Use Disorder: A Complex Comorbidity. Science & Practice Perspectives, 3(1), 13–21. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 2851027/
Racz, J. (2008). The Role of the Curiosity in Interviews with Drug Users. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research. Vol 9, No 2. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/rt/printer Friendly/423/916
Rand, W., and Wilensky, U. (2007). NetLogo El Farol Model. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/ElFarol
Rengert, G. and Wasilchick, J. (1990). Space, Time and Crime: Ethnographic Insights into Residential Burglary; Final Report. Department of Criminal Justice. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University.
Rosenquist, J.N., Murabito, J., Fowler, J.H. and Christakis, N.A. (2010). The Spread of Alcohol Consumption Behavior in a Large Social Network. Annals of Internal Medicine, 152(7), 426–W141. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.1059/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00007
Skinner, M.L. Haggerty, K.P., Fleming, C.B., Catalano, R.F. and Gainey, R.R. (2011). Opiate-addicted Parents in Methadone Treatment: Long-term Recovery, Health, and Family Relationships. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 30(1), 17-26. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2010.531670
Thomas, Y., Richardson, D., and Cheung, I. (2008). Geography and Drug Addiction. Science. Pp. 411. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from https://books.google.com.ph/books? isbn=1402085095
Valente, T.W., Hoffman, B.R., Ritt-Olson, A. Lichtman, K. and Johnson, C.A. (2003). Effects of a Social-Network Method for Group Assignment Strategies on Peer-led Tobacco Prevention Programs in Schools. American Journal of Public Health 93, Pp. 1837-1843. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC1448060/
Weisburd, D. and Eck, J.E. (2004). What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593, 42-65. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262548
Weisburd, D. and Mazerolle, L.G. (2000). Crime and Disorder in Drug Hot Spots: Implications for Theory and Practice in Policing. Police Quarterly. Vol. 3, No. 3. Pp. 331-349. Last retrieved on January 25, 2018 from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/ 1098611100003003006
West, R. (2013). Models of Addiction. Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
White, E., and Comiskey, C.M. (2007). Modelling Treatment Pathways and the Drug Using Career. Mathematical Biosciences, 208, 312-324.
Wilkinson, D. (2002). Condom Effectiveness in Reducing Heterosexual HIV Transmission: RHL Commentary. The WHO Reproductive Health Library; Geneva: World Health Organization. Last retrieved on January 26, 2018 from http://cms.kcn.unima.mw:8002/ moodle/downloads/Department%20of%20Maternal%20&%20Child%20Health/who%20videos/apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/dwcom/en/index.html
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2017-12-22
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