CAUSAL FACTORS FOR THE WILLINGNESS TO PURCHASE GM PRODUCTS: A PATH ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Awareness, Ethnocentrism, Acceptability, Genetically Modified Organism, Path AnalysisAbstract
Genetically modified products have been adopted at an extraordinary rate over the past decade, and this proliferation of transgenic science continues to arouse apprehension among many consumers around the globe. Hence, public policy regarding GM product apt to reflect consumer sentiments with strict regulation, tend to have constituents that are against the selection of such merchandise. The study was conducted to facilitate in solving this issue, evaluation on the consumers' awareness, ethnocentrism, acceptability and their willingness to purchase GM products has been proposed. The study used the adapted instruments from different respective articles and analyzed the path connected to the willingness to purchase GMO. The 300 respondents of the study were randomly chosen from the current list of families that was obtained from the Community Based Monitoring System. Based on the result, the calculation of reproduced correlation through path decompositions and subsequent comparison to the empirical correlation indicated that the path model fits the empirical data. The identified factors significantly influenced the willingness to purchase GM Products. Therefore, consumers’ awareness, consumers’ ethnocentrism, consumers’ acceptability of GM Products have become vital factors on how thriving the market for GM foods will be in the forthcoming. Thus, it is recommended that policy-making bodies may consider the result of this study when implementing programs for GM products.
References
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Zhong, F., Marchant, M., Ding, Y., & Lu, K. (2002). GM foods: A Nanjing case study of Chinese consumers' awareness and potential attitudes.
Bredahl, L., Grunert, K. G., & Frewer, L. J. (1998). Consumer Attitudes and Decision-making Concerning Genetically Engineered Food Products–A Review of the Literature and a Presentation of Models for Future Research. Journal of Consumer Policy, 21(3), 251-277.
Chen, H. Y., & Chern, W. S. (2002, July). Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods. In Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, Long Beach CA (pp. 28-31).
Christoph, I. B., Bruhn, M., & Roosen, J. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes towards and acceptability of genetic modification in Germany. Appetite, 51(1), 58-68.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral science. 2nd.
Colson, G., & Huffman, W. E. (2011). Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Genetically Modified Foods with Product-enhancing Nutritional Attributes. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(2), 358-363.
Costa-Font, M., Gil, J. M., & Traill, W. B. (2008). Consumer Acceptance, Valuation of and Attitudes towards Genetically Modified Food: Review and implications for food policy. Food policy, 33(2), 99-111.
Curtis, K. R., McCluskey, J. J., & Wahl, T. I. (2004). Consumer acceptance of genetically modified food products in the developing world.
De Groote, H., Overholt, W., Ouma, J. O., & Mugo, S. (2003, August). Assessing the impact of Bt maize in Kenya using a GIS model. In International Agricultural Economics Conference, Durban.
De Groote, H., Mugo, S., Bergvinson, D., & Odhiambo, B. (2004, August). Debunking the myths of GM crops for Africa: The case of Bt maize in Kenya. In American Association of Agricultural Economics Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Good, L. K., & Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian Consumers: Our Feelings and Intentions Related. International Marketing Review, 12(5), 35-48.
Guerrero, J., Abad, J., and Agüera, E. (2014). Using Standard CETSCALE and Other Adapted Versions of the Scale for Measuring Consumers’ Ethnocentric Tendencies: An Analysis of Dimensionality. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. Volume 17, Issue 3. Pp. 174-190. DOI:10.1016/j.cede.2013.06.003. Retrieved last November 11, 2017, at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1138575813000558
Herche, J. (1992). A Note on the Predictive Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(3), 261-264.
Huang, J., Rozelle, S., Pray, C., & Wang, Q. (2002). Plant biotechnology in China. Science, 295(5555), 674-676.
Huffman, W. E., Rousu, M., Shogren, J. F., & Tegene, A. (2004). Who Do Consumers Trust for Information: The Case of Genetically Modified Foods?. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(5), 1222-1229.
Kannall, E. (2017). Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Food. Retrieved last October 25, 2015, at https://www.livestrong.com/article/345554-disadvantages-of-genetically-modified-food/
Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M. D. (1998). The Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: An Empirical Test in the People's Republic of China. The Journal of Marketing, 89-100.
Klein, J. G., & Ettensoe, R. (1999). Consumer Animosity and Consumer Ethnocentrism: An Analysis of Different Antecedents. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 5-24.
Li, Q., Curtis, K. R., McCluskey, J. J., & Wahl, T. I. (2002). Consumer attitudes toward genetically modified foods in Beijing, China.
Loader, R. J., & Henson, S. (1998). A view of GMOs from the UK.
Lusk, J. L., Jamal, M., Kurlander, L., Roucan, M., & Taulman, L. (2005). A meta-analysis of genetically modified food valuation studies. Journal of agricultural and resource economics, 28-44.
Macer, D., & Ng, M. A. C. (2000). Changing attitudes toward biotechnology in Japan. Nature Biotechnology, 18(9), 945.
Makanyeza, C. (2015). Consumer Awareness, Ethnocentrism and Loyalty: An Integrative Model. Journal of International Consumer Marketing. Vol. 27, Issue 2. Retrieved last January 28, 2018, at https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2014.980927
Netemeyer, R. G., Durvasula, S., & Lichtenstein, D. R. (1991). A Cross-national Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of marketing research, 320-327.
Pinstrup-Andersen, P., & Schioler, E. (2001). Seeds of Contention: World Hunger and the Global Controversy over Genetically Modified Crops. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Sharma, S., Shimp, T. A., & Shin, J. (1994). Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Test of Antecedents and Moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(1), 26-37.
Shimp, T. A., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 280-289.
Siegrist, M. (2008). Factors Influencing Public Acceptance of Innovative Food Technologies and Products. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19(11), 603-608.
Šorgo, A., Dolinšek, J., ?sak, M., and Özel, M. (2011). Knowledge About and Acceptance of Genetically Modified Organisms among Pre-service Teachers: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Slovenia. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 14 No. 4, DOI: 10.2225/vol14-issue4-full-text-5. Retrieved last November 11, 2017, at http://www. ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/v14n4-5/1330
Springer, A., Mattas, K., Papastefanou, G., & Tsioumanis, A. (2002). Comparing consumer attitudes towards genetically modified food in Europe. Zaragoza, Spain, August, 28-31.
Tanius, E., and Seng, S. (2015). Consumers Awareness towards Genetically Modified (GM) Foods. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Law. Vol. 6. Issue 2. Retrieved last November 11, 2017 at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30538 0134_CONSUMERS_AWARENESS_TOWARDS_GENETICALLY_MODIFIED_GM_FOODS
Torres, N. H. J., & Gutiérrez, S. S. M. (2007). The Purchase of Foreign Products: The Role of Firm's Country-of-origin Reputation, Consumer Ethnocentrism, Animosity, and Trust. Departamento de Economía y Administración de Empresas, Universidad de Valladolid.
Uzogara, S. G. (2000). The Impact of Genetic Modification of Human Foods in the 21st Century: A Review. Biotechnology Advances, 18(3), 179-206.
Whittaker, T. (2011). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd Edition). Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. Vol 18, Issue 4. DOI: 10.1080/10705511.2011.607726. Retrieved last November 11, 2017, at http://www. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10705511.2011.607726?journalCode=hsem20
Yue, C., Zhao, S., Cummings, C., and Kuzma, J. (2015). Investigating Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness to Buy GM Food and Nano-food. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 17: 283. DOI: 10.1007/s11051-015-3084-4. Retrieved last November 11, 2017, at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-015-3084-4#citeas
Zhong, F., Marchant, M., Ding, Y., & Lu, K. (2002). GM foods: A Nanjing case study of Chinese consumers' awareness and potential attitudes.
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2019-01-02
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